【第一集】【劇情簡介】此集中，一位曾經(jīng)暴力、嗜酒、易怒，喜歡激烈運(yùn)動的人，卻在被子彈射入腦中后，完全變成了另外一個(gè)人，溫和、謙恭，這枚子彈沒有影響他的視覺、說話能力、運(yùn)動能力和認(rèn)知能力，卻將他的個(gè)性改變得徹徹底底，這就是說——他完全變成了另一個(gè)人嗎？那么在他還將為之前的他所做的惡行而負(fù)責(zé)，而接受懲罰嗎？【關(guān)鍵詞】：改變change，異常大腦abnormal brain什么是異常大腦？What is an abnormal brain?它將怎樣影響人的行為？And how does having one affect behavior?它可能將人變成怪物，比如卡洛夫先生（電影），但它的表現(xiàn)更有可能不那么戲劇化It could turn someone into a monster, like Mr. Karloff here, but, more likely, it manifests in less dramatic ways.有些異常是器質(zhì)性的，在大腦掃描或驗(yàn)尸時(shí)會顯示出來但有些更加隱蔽，蹤跡難尋Some abnormalities are structural, so they show up on a brain scan or an autospy, but others are sneakier and more insidious.在神經(jīng)學(xué)上它們是自然現(xiàn)象，所以我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)不了They're neurochemical in nature, so we don't always know they're there.這些大腦異常中的一部分，也許能通過手術(shù)或藥物治愈但有一件事是肯定的，和年邁的弗蘭肯斯坦博士不同，我們無法調(diào)換人的大腦不管喜不喜歡，你擺脫不了這塊與生俱來的三磅重的豆腐腦Some of these abnormalities may be treatable with surgery or pills.But one thing is certain, unlike old Doc. Frankenstein, we can't exchange one brain for another. Like it or not, we are stuck with the three pounds of cauliflower we were born with.人們真能改變嗎？Can people really change?我們的個(gè)性是由基因先天決定的，還是后天可改變？Is our personality generically pre-programmed? or is it malleable?神經(jīng)可塑學(xué)提出理論，人類的大腦在一生中有改變并成長的能力The science of neuroplasticity suggests that our brain has the ability to change and grow throughout our life.其實(shí)，自身經(jīng)歷也能影響我們In essence, our experiences rewire us.它們會讓我們對以前不能做不能想的事做出行動和思考，能促使我們形成新想法They can make us do or think things previously undoable or unthinkable. They can provoke us into forming new thoughts and ideas.還能賦予我們寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，降低再犯以前的同類錯誤的可能And they can teach us valuable lessons, making us less inclined to repeat the mistakes of our past.大腦一直處于不斷變化中，這說明生活不是亙古不變的The brain is in a constant state of flux, suggesting that nothing in life is permanent.然而，正如人們所說，事物變得越多，保持不變的也就越多And yet, as they say, the more the things change, the more they stay the same.【第二集】【劇情介紹】此集中講述的是一位患有卡普格拉妄想癥的女人認(rèn)為自己老公被外星人替代了，她的視覺和情感中心的交流被阻斷，所以當(dāng)她看見她老公時(shí)，并沒有感情，認(rèn)為他是其他人，或者是更為奇怪的人但她的聽覺與感情中心還是有連系著的，所以電話中她還能夠聽出是她老公但由此卻引發(fā)了一樁血案，她的一位男性好友暗戀她多年，其實(shí)正是因?yàn)樗麗鬯偪?，?jīng)常跟蹤她，才造成她的車禍進(jìn)而使這個(gè)病爆發(fā)他是唯一沒被她認(rèn)為是外星人的身邊好友，因?yàn)樗龑λ星椴簧?，但他卻愛她入骨所以，他指責(zé)她丈夫?qū)λP(guān)心不夠，勸其離開她，并惱羞成怒殺了他，并乘虛而入得到了她的心，最后卻在溫存一晚之后，又失去了她（因?yàn)榭ㄆ崭窭氚Y），悲矣……【關(guān)鍵詞】：拉普格拉妄想癥(Capgras delusion)、發(fā)作性睡眠(narcolepsy)、睡眠性麻痹(sleep paralysis)今天我們聊聊愛情，愛情如何重構(gòu)我們大腦的呢？Let's talk about love, how does love rewire the brain?當(dāng)遇到激起我們興奮感的陌生人，他們像病毒般攻擊我們的神經(jīng)，觸發(fā)神經(jīng)化學(xué)物質(zhì)，令我們隊(duì)這人產(chǎn)生愛慕、情欲，甚至迷戀，會令我們走神When we meet somebody new and exciting, they invade our synapses like a virus trigerring neurochemicals that feed into attraction, arousal, even absession. We get distracted.每時(shí)每刻都想著那個(gè)特別的人We think about that special someone all the time.而我們并非只是想念他們，還會在內(nèi)心構(gòu)建一個(gè)模型——一個(gè)能幫助我們預(yù)測，他們會怎么想，有什么感覺的模擬

然而，當(dāng)模擬遇到現(xiàn)實(shí)，兩個(gè)人的感情就可能出現(xiàn)問題。

But we're not just thinking about them, we're building an internal model-a stimulation that helps us predict what they'll think or how they'll feel. Of course, relations get into trouble, when the stimulation meets reality.于是引發(fā)了這個(gè)問題——我們是否會真的愛上另一個(gè)人？還只是愛上了想象中的那個(gè)人？Which begs the question-Do we ever really fall in love with another person? Or just with the idea of who they are?上世紀(jì)20年代，法國的神經(jīng)病醫(yī)生，簡·瑪莉·卡普格拉，遇到了一位病人，病人堅(jiān)信她朋友和家人都被別人冒名頂替了In the 20s, a French psychiatrist, Jean Marie Capgras had a patient who was convinced her friends and family had been replaced by imposters.患上這種病的病人，他們的視覺皮質(zhì)和扁桃核，也就是大腦控制感情的中心，它們之間的交流被阻斷了For people living with the condition, the pathway between the visual cortex and the amygdala - the emotional center of the brain - has been severed.你看著你妻子的時(shí)候，心里會有溫暖的愛意，因?yàn)槟銓λ泻苌畹母星榭砂瑐惪茨愕臅r(shí)候，她對你卻沒有感情，所以對她來說，你只是個(gè)碰巧長得像她丈夫的陌生人When you look at your wife, you get a warm and fuzzy glow, because you have deep feelings for her. But when Ellen looks at you, she no longer feels an emotional arousal. So to her, you're just a stranger, that happens to look like her husband.-但她為什么會認(rèn)為我是外太空來的呢？But why does she think I'm from outer space?-卡普格拉妄想癥患者會有很奇怪的想法他們會認(rèn)為自己所愛的人被雙胞胎、克隆人或機(jī)器人替代了Capgras patiens come up with some pretty bizzare ideas. They think their loved ones have been replaced by twins or clones, robots.在正常的淺睡眠階段，身體和大腦斷連，所以我們不會夢游In a normal rem cycle, the body disconnects from the brain, so we don't cut out our dreams.但如果有睡眠性麻痹，大腦在高度敏感的狀態(tài)下醒來，這很可怕，人們會想象自己被未知生物攻擊過去是鬼怪和巫師，但現(xiàn)在，更普遍的是外星人對他來說，他的噩夢是真的But with sleep paralysis, the brain wakes up in a highly suggestible state. It's terrifying. People imagine they're being attacked by strange creatures. It used to be ghosts and witches, but nowadays, more commonly, it's aliens. From his perspective, his nightmares are real.為什么我們要談戀愛？神經(jīng)精神病學(xué)家說我們天生就渴望親密的關(guān)系我們渴望愛當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)實(shí)中感情常常以心痛告終，我們脆弱的心靈，就算不支離破碎，也傷痕累累

Why do we bother with relaitonships? Neuropsychiatrists say that we're hardwired to crave intimate connections. We long for love. Of course, the reality is it usually ends in heartache, leaving our delicate psyches, bruised if not completely shattered.那我們?yōu)槭裁催€要去挑戰(zhàn)呢？Why do we even bother playing those odds?我猜是因?yàn)椋覀冎恍枰獙σ淮尉蛪蛄恕?/p>而且一旦對了，我們會感覺到，而且那些快樂的回憶，都會留存下來提醒我們，盡管某些時(shí)刻會令人沮喪消沉，但我們從來未曾真正地孤獨(dú)過I guess because we only have to get it right once. And when it's right, we konw it. Even the memories of fulfilling reationship can sustain us. And remind us that although we maybe feel down at this particular moment, we never truely alone.【第三集】【關(guān)鍵詞】：變化盲視(change blindness) 無意視盲(Inattentional blindness) 盲點(diǎn)(blind spot)人類的思維已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到了幾乎能夠意識到每件事當(dāng)中的規(guī)律和意義的程度The human mind has evolved to perceive pattern and meaning in almost everything.這種傾向被稱為“幻想性視錯覺”（圖案中看到人像等等現(xiàn)象）This tendency is known as paraidolia.你在看，但你卻沒往心里去You were looking, but you didn't see.因?yàn)槿粢眯目?，不光要眼睛，還得用大腦Because we see with more than our eyes, we also see with our brains.我想你經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)常見的心理學(xué)現(xiàn)象，叫做“變化盲視”I think you experienced a common psychological phenomenon known as "change blindness".視覺刺激物發(fā)生了變化，而觀察者卻沒發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗麄兊淖⒁饬υ趧e的事情上It happens when there's a change is visual that goes unnoticed by the observer, because they're focused on other things."無意視盲”Inattentional blindness人的知覺本身就很有限，越是把注意力集中在需要認(rèn)知的地方，大腦就越容易忽視環(huán)境中的其他刺激因素Perception is an inherently limited process, and the more attentional demands placed on the cognitive resources that allow for perception, the less capacity the brain has to notice non-target stimuli in the environment?我們對感知系統(tǒng)即視覺環(huán)境有無數(shù)錯誤的理解，舉個(gè)例子：手機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)想讓我們相信只要你能雙手握住方向盤，手里沒拿電話都是安全的,并非如此We misunderstand our own perceptual systems, therefore, our visual environment. For instance, the cellphone industry would have us believe that it is safe to drive while talking on your cell as long as your hands are free, but it is not.科學(xué)研究證實(shí)，危險(xiǎn)并不在于你手里是否拿手機(jī)，而是在于你大腦的注意力在哪Science has proven that the danger is less about whether your hands are free, and more about whether your brain is free.你們知道邊開車邊使用電話，降低了與駕駛相關(guān)37%的大腦活動嗎？Did you know that driving while using a phone, reduces the brain activity associated with driving by 37%?要是我說你們每個(gè)人都有盲點(diǎn)會怎樣？What if I told all of you that you're partially blind?你以為你看到了真實(shí)的世界，但實(shí)際上，有些東西你沒看到That right now, you think you're seeing the world as it truly is, but in actuality, you're missing something.每次我們睜開雙眼，光線照進(jìn)我們的視網(wǎng)膜，一種叫做光感受器的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，將光線的信息傳送至我們的大腦，這就是我們?nèi)绾慰匆娛挛锏腟ee, everytime we open our eyes, light shines onto our retina. Nerve cells called photoreceptors interpret the light, transmit the information to our brain, and that's how we see.但我們的視網(wǎng)膜上有一小片區(qū)域是沒有光感接收器的，叫做盲區(qū)，或者“盲點(diǎn)”

But there's a small area on our retina where there are no photorceptors, this is called a scotoma, or "blind spot".每個(gè)人都有盲點(diǎn)。

We all have one.如果是真的，那我們怎么會沒注意到視野中有塊黑色區(qū)域呢？So if that's true, how is it that we never notice a black area in our field of vision?你從來沒注意到你的盲點(diǎn)，是因?yàn)槟愕拇竽X非常擅長猜測那里有什么，然后自動填補(bǔ)了空白The reason you never notice your blind spot is because your brain is great at guessing what should be there.有時(shí)我們知道我們想要看到什么，大腦皮層就會將這種期望轉(zhuǎn)化成視覺現(xiàn)實(shí)Sometimes we know what we want to see, and our necorter turns that expectation into a kind of virtual reality.這就意味著，我們看到的一部分世界，其實(shí)只是幻覺而已Which means that some of the world we see is really just an illusion.想到這使我們變得多么脆弱，真是件可怕的事It's scary thought when you consider